An example of an HDL cholesterol molecule. Credit: The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Cholesterol: What You Should Know
Two types of cholesterol are in the body: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). LDL cholesterol is considered the "bad" cholesterol and is responsible for the plaque buildup that can cause atherosclerosis and heart disease. Conversely, HDL cholesterol can help reduce the amount of plaque in the arteries, meaning the higher the HDL levels in a person's blood, the less he or she is at risk for heart disease.
Smoking's Effects on HDL Cholesterol
When a person smokes, toxins are released into the lungs. One toxin in particular, known as acrolein, is absorbed into the bloodstream. Once it reaches the bloodstream, it affects the way the body processes cholesterol and lowers healthy HDL cholesterol, reducing the body's ability to eliminate plaque in the arteries. This toxin also affects the body's blood-clotting abilities.
Smoking's Effects on LDL Cholesterol
Acrolein contained in cigarette smoke also affects LDL cholesterol levels by masking an enzyme that keeps LDL in its original structure. When mixed with the acrolein, the LDL's molecular structure changes and the body begins to attack the LDL. This not only causes inflammation, but also plaque buildup. Both of these occurrences can increase the risk for heart attack and stroke.
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